by Anisah Shukry
The Malaysian Insider
25 November 2014
Malaysia’s affirmative action policies in the past 40 years have created a culture of dependency, corruption and racial envy, a prominent Malaysian economist said today.
Tan Sri Dr Kamal Salih, an adjunct professor of Economics and Development Studies at Universiti Malaya (UM) said that the benefits of the development policies did not truly extend beyond the first 20 years of the New Economic Policy’s (NEP) implementation.
“The problem over the decades involved has not been with the intent nor the content of the NEP and its successors, but the manner of their implementation, which have produced new inequalities, poverty and vulnerabilities in the development process.
“While no further progress has been made in reducing inequality in income distribution over the last decade, the NEP had resulted instead in creating a culture of dependency, corruption and racial envy.”
Successive policies after the NEP, like the National Development Policy (NDP) and National Vision Policy (NVP), also had the same consequences as inequality in wealth distribution was not addressed, he said.
Kamal said this in his keynote speech at the launch of the Malaysia Human Development Report (MHDR) 2013 at the Pacific Regency Hotel in Kuala Lumpur today.
Kamal was the lead author of the report, which revealed that the formation of the middle class was fastest during the implementation of the NEP in the 20-year period involved.
“However, throughout the entire period until now, the size of the middle class… has remained relatively small for Malaysia, trending around the 20% when in comparison in a typical developed country situation, the percentage is closer to 50-55%.”
He said the middle class was defined by the World Bank as those households positioned between 20% of the median income.
Kamal added that NEP-based ethnic classification was becoming less relevant when tackling equity in development, noting that inequality in Malaysia went beyond race.
The policies were aimed at bringing Malays and Bumiputeras to be on a par economically with other ethnic groups.
But the study showed that inequality had also grown within ethnic groups. Wealth gaps between ethnic groups as a whole did close, but resulted in the creation of a class divide.
“While the bottom 50% has wages/salaries making up 97% of their purchasing power, the upper part of the middle class would exhibit a similar pattern to the upper 50% with contribution from wealth effects approaching 11% and increasing as they climb the income ladder.
“In other words, on the basis of household fiscal capability Malaysia essentially exhibits a two-class social stratification, with inequality diminishing between ethnicities but within-group income gaps rising more and more to obliterate the NEP-based ethnic classification as a relevant issue of equity in development.
“Income inequalities then become essentially a question of class. This would be good news for some, while not so for others!”
He added that the New Economic Model’s (NEM) emphasis on the bottom 40% overlooked “vertical and horizontal equity” in development, such as institutional issues, corruption and rent-seeking behaviour.
“In my view, a piecemeal and project-oriented approach will not do the job, only a comprehensive reform of policies and institutions will set the course of the country’s development in its proper path onwards to economic growth and social justice.” – November 25, 2014.
They thought non-bumi have no poor people need help
Their mind are only bumi are deserved to help (tax money), other people poor are their own business
When in doubt, blame the Chinese…..UMNO’s favorite punching bag! The word ‘humanity’ is a disappointment, I guess. We have too many people root for the useless low-life thugs and not the good guys who achieve something in the country.
Malaysia is a country known as a successful failure, an example of missing the wood for the trees due to excessive intoxication but no hang over! The claim of the majority Malays losing their rights is but a delusion of the UMNO government.
Of cos lah, NEP did not n does not work
NO hear of d UmnoB’s warlord culture meh?
As an UmnoB kaki moooed: “certain leaders who attempt 2 remain in power by spreading riches among their supporters”
During d last how many years, UmnoB kaki n their supporters n cronies bcame RICHer n richer, super ultra-rich, perhaps more than d corrupt officials in China
Just look around us n we will C so many UmnoB kaki n their supporters n cronies, as well as many civil SERVANTS, happily living lifestyles far BEYOND their stated salaries/incomes, NO FEAR of any form of punishment
M’sia truly BOLiH
So many cases involving million n billion RM (rakyat duit), supposedly under investigation 4 corruption, NO closure
When a ROAD NAME is CHANGED, it will certain incur EXTRA expenses, adding additional burdens (totally unnecessary n avoidable) 2 rakyat who live along d road
It also opens up opportunities 4 corruption
Y do dat?
Is dis a CARING act?
“bumiputera need not repay PTPTN loans”
Interesting demand
Next, WHAT else bumiputera need not repay?
Car loans? Housing loans? Bank loans? Credit card loans? Makan angin loans?
NOT inequality? NOT corruption? NOT race-based policies?
The current policy and practice is not providing the Malays with the skill nor the temperament to compete even locally what more in the wider contact of ASEAN let alone the open market world-wide. To those short-term rent seekers it may mean nothing as they wold hold it that by such time they would have gathered enough for their future generations. This legacy will be the only legacy they will inherit through the current practice. Today, we are witnessing the gradual down trench in the US notwithstanding their ability to attract all the brains in this world for the moment. We certainly do not need a circus master to merely whip the air just to mislead the world that he is taking some reaction on extremism.